MICRORNAS AS A NOVEL BIOMARKER IN ORAL CANCER

Pooja Singh* Alok Singh, Mark Rector Charles, Abdul Naeem, Shraddha Prakash, Sridhar Mishra

ABSTRACT

Oral cancer is one of the commonest cancers in the world which spread from oral cavity to neck lymph nodes. However the oral cancer is not easily diagnosed until their advanced stage which is the main cause for the low survival rate of patients. In recent years, the growing interest of researchers to investigate the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in various biological processes as well as many disease including carcinomas. With the advent of next generation sequencing technique, it has been determined that about 1400 miRNAs act as oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, these play the pivotal role in developmental processes, growth control and in various human diseases like cancers. With the altered expression of tumor suppressor as well as oncogenic miRNAs, various processes such as pathological and biological have been found in altered form in various studies. Alteration in gene expression helps in the diagnosis of cancers at early stage. In this review we focused on the role and significance of tumor suppressor as well as oncogenic miRNAs as an emerging novel biomarker for oral cancer.

Keywords: MicroRNA, OSCC, Oncogene, Gene expression