EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF
PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH

( An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal )

An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical, Medical & Biological Sciences

An Official Publication of Society for Advance Healthcare Research (Reg. No. : 01/01/01/31674/16)

European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research (EJPMR) has indexed with various reputed international bodies like : Google Scholar , Indian Science Publications , InfoBase Index (In Process) , SOCOLAR, China , Research Bible, Fuchu, Tokyo. JAPAN , International Society for Research activity (ISRA) , Scientific Indexing Services (SIS) , Polish Scholarly Bibliography , Global Impact Factor (GIF) (Under Process) , Universal Impact Factor , International Scientific Indexing (ISI), UAE  , Index Copernicus , CAS (A Division of American Chemical Society) USA (Under Process) , Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ, Sweden, in process) , UDLedge Science Citation Index , CiteFactor , Directory Of Research Journal Indexing (DRJI) , Indian citation Index (ICI) , Journal Index (JI, Under Process) , Directory of abstract indexing for Journals (DAIJ) , Open Access Journals (Under Process) , Impact Factor Services For International Journals (IFSIJ) , Cosmos Impact Factor , Jour Informatics (Under Process) , Eurasian Scientific Journal Index (ESJI) , International Innovative Journal Impact Factor (IIJIF) , Science Library Index, Dubai, United Arab Emirates , Pubmed Database [NLM ID: 101669306] (Under Process) , IP Indexing (IP Value 2.40) , Web of Science Group (Under Process) , Directory of Research Journals Indexing , Scholar Article Journal Index (SAJI) , International Scientific Indexing ( ISI ) , Scope Database , Academia , 

 ISSN 2394-3211

Impact Factor: 7.065

 ICV - 79.57

Abstract

THE EFFECT OF ANTI-DIABETIC DRUGS ON THE INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN HUMAN IN VITRO SUBCUTANEOUS ADIPOCYTES.

Madhukar Saxena*, Dinesh Raj Modi, Sanjay Singh and Anand Prakash

ABSTRACT

Mesenchymal Stem Cells differentiated into subcutaneous adipocytes were used for the study of in vitro effects of antidiabetic drugs including metformin, pioglitazone and insulin on inflammatory cytokines in glucose induced diabetic human adipocytes. Glucose induction in adipocytes mimics the diabetic model in vitro by differentiating mesenchymal stem cells and confirmed by oil red O staining which stains lipid droplets in adipocytes. Adipocytes were incubated in growth media containing variable concentration of glucose (5-20mM) with different anti-diabetic drugs with variable concentrations. Cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-α, Leptin, Visfatin and Adiponectin were measured using ELISA. Student t-test (two - tailed) was used for statistical analysis. Variable fluctuations were observed in the present study in relation to cytokine secretions with anti-diabetic drugs. Finally, inflammation of cytokines decreases when metformin and pioglitazone were used in combination in in-vitro study. In conclusion, current data demonstrates that in whole human subcutaneous adipocytes metformin, pioglitazone and combination of both limits the regulation of inflammatory cytokines. However, pioglitazone and metformin in combination as well as insulin up-regulates IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-α, Leptin, Visfatin and Adiponectin protein secretion in vitro in mild diabetic status and highly up-regulate in severe diabetic status. This effect of anti-diabetic drugs on adipose tissue represents an additional mechanism through which this may induce clinical benefits. Further studies are required to better understand the molecular pathway of this up-regulation in humans.

Keywords: Adipocytes, diabetes, cytokines, metformin, pioglitazone, insulin.


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Google Scholar Indian Science Publications InfoBase Index (In Process) SOCOLAR, China Research Bible, Fuchu, Tokyo. JAPAN International Society for Research activity (ISRA) Scientific Indexing Services (SIS) Polish Scholarly Bibliography Global Impact Factor (GIF) (Under Process) Universal Impact Factor International Scientific Indexing (ISI), UAE Index Copernicus CAS (A Division of American Chemical Society) USA (Under Process) Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ, Sweden, in process) UDLedge Science Citation Index CiteFactor Directory Of Research Journal Indexing (DRJI) Indian citation Index (ICI) Journal Index (JI, Under Process) Directory of abstract indexing for Journals (DAIJ) Open Access Journals (Under Process) Impact Factor Services For International Journals (IFSIJ) Cosmos Impact Factor Jour Informatics (Under Process) Eurasian Scientific Journal Index (ESJI) International Innovative Journal Impact Factor (IIJIF) Science Library Index, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Pubmed Database [NLM ID: 101669306] (Under Process) IP Indexing (IP Value 2.40) Web of Science Group (Under Process) Directory of Research Journals Indexing Scholar Article Journal Index (SAJI) International Scientific Indexing ( ISI ) Scope Database Academia