EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF
PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH

( An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal )

An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical, Medical & Biological Sciences

An Official Publication of Society for Advance Healthcare Research (Reg. No. : 01/01/01/31674/16)

European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research (EJPMR) has indexed with various reputed international bodies like : Google Scholar , Indian Science Publications , InfoBase Index (In Process) , SOCOLAR, China , Research Bible, Fuchu, Tokyo. JAPAN , International Society for Research activity (ISRA) , Scientific Indexing Services (SIS) , Polish Scholarly Bibliography , Global Impact Factor (GIF) (Under Process) , Universal Impact Factor , International Scientific Indexing (ISI), UAE  , Index Copernicus , CAS (A Division of American Chemical Society) USA (Under Process) , Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ, Sweden, in process) , UDLedge Science Citation Index , CiteFactor , Directory Of Research Journal Indexing (DRJI) , Indian citation Index (ICI) , Journal Index (JI, Under Process) , Directory of abstract indexing for Journals (DAIJ) , Open Access Journals (Under Process) , Impact Factor Services For International Journals (IFSIJ) , Cosmos Impact Factor , Jour Informatics (Under Process) , Eurasian Scientific Journal Index (ESJI) , International Innovative Journal Impact Factor (IIJIF) , Science Library Index, Dubai, United Arab Emirates , Pubmed Database [NLM ID: 101669306] (Under Process) , IP Indexing (IP Value 2.40) , Web of Science Group (Under Process) , Directory of Research Journals Indexing , Scholar Article Journal Index (SAJI) , International Scientific Indexing ( ISI ) , Scope Database , Academia , 

 ISSN 2394-3211

Impact Factor: 7.065

 ICV - 79.57

Abstract

A REVIEW OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AS ANALGESICS

Siva Sankaran and Christudas Sunil*

ABSTRACT

Pain is an unpleasant and emotional experience associated with tissue damage. Analgesics are the drugs used to relieve pain. Based on definition of international association of pain study, pain is an undesirable mental and emotional experience that is associated with possible or actual damage of tissue or is created in some periods of these types of pains. It is created by different reasons such as harmful heat, stretch, electrical flow, necrosis, inflammation, laceration and spasm. It is also caused by a wide variety of diseases, surgical interventions and trauma. Degenerative diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, as well as heart, asthma, cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases are also associated with inflammatory processes and pain. It is a complex experience in which cognitive, affective and behavioral features, representing psychological conditions are affected. In most cases, pain is secondary to other complications such as diabetic nephropathy. Pain medication is one of the most common complications managed by the medical practitioners. Recent studies have shown that 22% of primary care patients suffered from pain which persists for more than six months and in some cases the percentage rises to 50% which is related to significant impairment of social functioning and quality of life Classical analgesics of natural origin include opiates and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs but they are associated with side effects such as gastric lesions, hepatotoxicity, renaltoxicity, tolerance and dependence. So, there is a need to explore natural available alternative sources to NSAIDs and opiates. Secondary metabolites of plants such as steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids and glycosides have gained importance due to their diverse pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, etc.

Keywords: Pain is an unpleasant rheumatica, renaltoxicity, terpenoids and glycosides etc.


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Google Scholar Indian Science Publications InfoBase Index (In Process) SOCOLAR, China Research Bible, Fuchu, Tokyo. JAPAN International Society for Research activity (ISRA) Scientific Indexing Services (SIS) Polish Scholarly Bibliography Global Impact Factor (GIF) (Under Process) Universal Impact Factor International Scientific Indexing (ISI), UAE Index Copernicus CAS (A Division of American Chemical Society) USA (Under Process) Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ, Sweden, in process) UDLedge Science Citation Index CiteFactor Directory Of Research Journal Indexing (DRJI) Indian citation Index (ICI) Journal Index (JI, Under Process) Directory of abstract indexing for Journals (DAIJ) Open Access Journals (Under Process) Impact Factor Services For International Journals (IFSIJ) Cosmos Impact Factor Jour Informatics (Under Process) Eurasian Scientific Journal Index (ESJI) International Innovative Journal Impact Factor (IIJIF) Science Library Index, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Pubmed Database [NLM ID: 101669306] (Under Process) IP Indexing (IP Value 2.40) Web of Science Group (Under Process) Directory of Research Journals Indexing Scholar Article Journal Index (SAJI) International Scientific Indexing ( ISI ) Scope Database Academia