ANTIOXIDANTS AND FREE RADICALS IN HUMAN DISEASES: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTIVES
Sikander Ali*, Mariam Ahmed, Sadia Sakandar and Shabahat Khan
ABSTRACT
Reactive oxygen species are highly reactive species, formed inside a cell thus of ordinary metabolic actions and certain environmental factors such as pollutants, smoke, drugs, illness and even extreme exercise can cause increase in free radicals exposure. ROS that includes superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlrous acid, hydroxyl, and single oxygen radicals, are intricate in discrepancy, development, growth and decease of cell. They are able to respond with cellular nucleic acids, tissue lipids, proteins, and sometimes with certain carbohydrates. ROS protect cells from pathogens but higher concentration of ROS can induce numerous diseases for example malignancy, diabetes, arthritis, atherosclerosis, cardiac disease and enhance aging process. Antioxidants can be natural or synthetic substances, likely act as protective guard that delay the formation of ROS plus assist cell in abolition of ROS. The objective of this review is to emphasize on progresses in comprehension of ROS, antioxidants, moreover to review the comprehensive influence and contribution of antioxidant compounds in particular human ailments.
Keywords: antioxidants, reactive-oxygen-species, mechanism, molecular damage, human diseases.
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