PHARMACOGENOMICS OF PROSTAGLANDINS AND THEIR ROLES IN DIFFERENT BODY TISSUES AND ORGANS: A REVIEW
Sikandar Ali* Maryam Javid Afaq Ahmed and Sadia Azaz
ABSTRACT
Innumerable physiological and pathophysiological roles in different body tissues and organs of animals and humans are synchronized by special molecules called prostaglandins. These molecules are lipid mediators, produced from arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase enzyme system in all nucleated cells. There are two forms of cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, activated under different stimuli and implement different activities. PGE2, PGD2, PGF2α, PGI2, PGF2α, and Thromboxane A2 are some important prostaglandins. Other than D, E and F there is also a J series of prostaglandins. All types of prostaglandins are synthesized by different enzymes and bind with specific receptors then in each type, a different series of reactions is started and different cellular activities and functions are performed. This review summarizes types, some general properties and effects of prostaglandins in different tissues and organs of human body. How defect in cyclooxygenase enzyme causes effects on prostaglandins synthesis and this effect will lead to what type of problems and different diseases that occur due to altered prostaglandins or any defect in cyclooxygenase pathway are also discussed.
Keywords: Cyclooxygenase enzyme system, Thromboxane, Arachidonic acid.
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