CANARIUM ODONTOPHYLLUM STEM BARK EXTRACT EXERT CYTOTOXIC EFFECT IN HCT 116 CELL LINE VIA ATP LOSS AND ROS GENERATION

Dayang Fredalina Basri*, Nurul Amira Zainal, Siti Fairuz Ishak and Fahrul Zaman Huyop

ABSTRACT

Background: Canarium odontophyllum, had the potential to cause cytotoxicity towards colorectal cancer cell line by inducing cell death via apoptosis. The aim of this study was to further determine the underlying mechanism of acetone extract from the stem bark of C. odontophyllum against colorectal cancer cell line HCT 116. Methods: The IC50 value of acetone extract was determined at concentration range of 12.5 𝜇g/mL to 200 𝜇g/mL, 48 hr upon treatment. The level of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) was measured using CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability assay and dihydroethidium staining assay detected by flow cytometry respectively, upon treatment of the cell line at IC50 concentration of the extract at timepoints 30 mins, 60 mins and 120 mins, respectively. Results: The acetone extract of C. odontophyllum stem bark treatment showed cytotoxic effect against the HCT 116 with IC50 value of 84 ± 9𝜇g/mL with significant reduction (p<0.05) of ATP level from 139861.67 ± 63650.95 indicated by relative luminescence unit (RLU) at 30 mins of treatment to 29875.5 ± 7284.39 (RLU) after 4 hr of treatment. ROS level showed significant increased in the cell lines at 2 hr of treatment compared to the negative control with the value of 42.75 ± 5.30% and 22.35 ± 5.303301%, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, acetone extract of C. odontophyllum stem bark exerted its cytotoxic effect by a decreased in the intracellular ATP level and increased in the level of ROS.

Keywords: Canarium odontophyllum, Colorectal cancer, Cytotoxicity, ROS, ATP.