ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS OF BACTERIA IN ICU AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Dr. Smruti Mohanty and Dr. Laxmi Kant Mohanty*

ABSTRACT

Intensive care unit (ICU) plays the important role in the management of critically ill patient admitted in ICU and prevention of the infection. Emergence of the antibiotic resistance is becoming increasingly difficult problems in ICU for preventions and resistance. Because of this there are few therapeutic options available. In ICU, Nosocomial infections with multidrug resistant are becoming important cause of death and morbidity compared with an average patient. Antibiotic resistance pattern of organisms widely vary for different country as well as different hospitals even among ICUs. The main purpose of this study was to know prevalence of the drug resistance pattern for the patients admitted in ICUs. Material and Methods: The study was done for 106 isolates from ICU of 80 patients. It was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, JLN Hospital and Research Centre, Bhilai. Sample for the culture were taken from ICU patient, depending upon the infection like ventilator associated pneumonia, respiratory tract infection, sepsis, and post operative patients. Specimens like urine, pus, blood and CSF etc. according to the type of infection. All the specimens were processed and Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby-Bauer method using Muller Hinton Agar (MHA). Results: In vitro susceptibility data of 106 isolates from ICU were analysis. Among 106 isolates from 80 patients male were 52(65.0%) and 28 (35.0%) females. Out of 106 isolates 86(81.14%) were Gram negative organisms and 20(18.86%) were Gram positive organisms. Among all Gram positive organism 13(65%) were Staphylococcus aureus in which 8(61.53%) and 7.55% among all isolates respectively. The most frequent species isolated from infections in ICU was E.col , followed by Pseudomonas spp, klebsiella spp, Acinetobacter spp, Enterococcus , Proteus mirabilis and Providencia spp which were 18.87%, 16.03%, 16.03% , 6.60%, 1.89% and 0.94% respectively. 25(23.58%) were ESBL producer out of all isolate and 29.07% out of total Gram negative organism. Conclusion: This study concludes that gram negative organisms are causing more infection than gram positive organisms in ICU patients. E.coli was the most common organism isolated and shows highly resistance to Amoxcillin+Clavulanic acid, Ciprofloxacin whereas Erythromycin and Penicillin shows highly resistance to Enterococcus. Hence gram negative organisms are more resistance to higher antibiotics, so antibiotics are used carefully.

Keywords: ICU, Bacteria, AST, Resistance, Sensitivity.