RECENT ADVANCES IN FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS

Dipankar Ghara, Rajaram Mohapatra*, Soham Mandal, Anjushree Purkait, Parag Ghosh, Binaya Kumar Sethy, Sujayita Mazumder and Anamika Saha

ABSTRACT

Peptic ulcer is a chronic disease that affects about 10% of total population in the world. Ulcer is an acid-induced lesion of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract which causes an open and painful sore. Peptic ulcers are mainly arisen in stomach or proximal duodenum.[1] Helicobacter pylori (H.Pylori) play an important role in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer mainly involving antral mucosa or muscularis propria. The human immune system is incapable to eradicate this infection without affecting the antibody production. As a result, the bacterium can consequently lead to form a chronic active gastritis. It may cause an increase in gastrin production or more frequently gastrin formation may hamper. Gastrin increase the production of gastric acid formation and H.Pylori increases the gastrin formation by colonization. These excess amounts of acid formation lead to erosion of mucosal membrane, which leads to formation of ulcer. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the another major causative reason for ulcer formation. The gastric mucosa itself protects with a layer of mucus from gastric acid. Mucus secretion is inspired by the prostaglandins. Cyclooxygenase is the main source for production of prostaglandins. Which function is blocked by the using of NSAID .The duodenal ulcers has decreased significantly in last 30 years, while the incidence of gastric ulcer is increase in last few years due the use of NSAIDs. Younger patient with ulcer treated with antacids or H2 antagonists. Patients those are taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory also prescribed with prostaglandin analog to prevent peptic ulcer.

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