ACUTE TOXICITY TEST OF SUNGKAI LEAF FRACTION (PERONEMA CANESCENS JACK.) ON BODY WEIGHT PERCENTAGE AND LIVER AND KIDNEY ORGANS RATIO

Elidahanum Husni, Alfathri Yunedi and Dwisari Dillasamola*

ABSTRACT

Sungkai leaf (Peronema canescens jack.) has been widely used in traditional medicine because it has the potential to boost the immune system. To ensure safety in its use, it is necessary to carry out a toxicity test. The purpose of this study was to determine the range of LD50 values, safety status and the effect of the ethanol extract fraction of sungkai leaves on the percentage change in body weight, the ratio of liver and kidney weights and the behavior of white male mice. The test used 75 mice, which were divided into three groups per fraction. One fraction consists of 25 mice divided into 5 groups, consisting of 1 control and 4 treatment groups. The control group was given 0.5% Na-CMC suspension and the treatment group was given suspension of sungkai leaf fraction at doses of 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 mg/kgBB. The preparation was given once at the beginning of the research period. Observations were made on the symptoms of toxicity, the percentage change in body weight and the death of the test animal for 24 hours to 14 days. Oral administration of sungkai leaf fraction up to a dose of 8000 mg/kgBW did not indicate any death of the test animals, this indicated that the sungkai leaf fraction was in the non-toxic category (LD50>5000 mg/kgBW). Symptoms of toxicity that appear include weakness, salivation, tremors and walking with the stomach. The results of statistical tests using two-way ANOVA showed a significant difference between the type of fraction and the variation in dose on the percentage change in body weight in the water fraction with a dose of 4000 mg/kgBW (P<0.05). Then, for the results of the statistical test the percentage ratio of liver and kidney weights showed a significant difference in the ethyl acetate fraction (P<0.05), a significant difference could be seen in the ethyl acetate fraction with an average percentage ratio of kidney and liver organ weights obtained were 0.923% and 7.038%, respectively.

Keywords: Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack), Sungkai leaf fraction, Organ ratio, Body weight.