SCREENING AND PREVENTION OF CARCINOMA CERVIX: A REVIEW

Dr. Pradeep S. Mannikatti*, Dr. Vaishnavi Shetty*, Dr. Vinay B. C., Dr. Asha Mathew, Dr. Jitto Tomy and Dr. Sabarinath H.

ABSTRACT

Globally, the primary cause of cancer-related mortality in women is Carcinoma of the Cervix, and it is most caused by persistent human papillomavirus infection. The World Health Organization has set a goal to eradicate Cervical Cancer by 2030; In accordance with the plan, vaccination should be received by 90% of girls of age below 15years, women between the ages of 35 and 45 will undergo screening with an extremely sensitive test, and women who are diagnosed with cervical cancer or cervical dysplasia will receive the necessary care from qualified professionals. Because of the demonstrated effectiveness of intervention tactics including immunization against the most carcinogenic HPV strains and screening, particularly using HPV-based approaches, cervical cancer is mostly preventable. A combination of HPV genotyping and cervical cytology (Papanicolaou testing) can determine the precancer risk in individuals with a positive HPV test result. Presently, there are three HPV vaccines that can be used as prophylactic measures: the quadrivalent, bivalent, and a newly created nonvalent vaccine. In this review, we elaborate on the Human Papillomavirus, Symptoms, and Risk factors, methods of transmission, and discuss in depth about the screening techniques and the vaccination available for the prevention of Carcinoma of the Cervix.

Keywords: Vaccination, Papanicolaou, Carcinogenic, Quadrivalent, Professionals, adenocarcinoma.