SELECTED INDONESIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE – A REVIEW

Thitanyana Wangsa, Adilah Hasan, Alfrida Riyani Pratiwi, Alvina Nurhaliza, Ardyan Johanka, Dwi Rismaningrum, Imelda Rosalinda, Jihan Safitri, Nabila Malihatul 'Ain Al-latifah, Nur Halimatus Sa'diyah, Nurul Bariyatut Thohirotun Nisaa, Verani, Wati, Windi Kartika Laela, Wiwin Sri Intan, and Maulana Yusuf Alkandahri*

ABSTRACT

An increase in the production of free radicals or the formation of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide radicals, causes oxidative stress. This stress is a significant contributor to cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, and ischemic heart disease. At present, scientists are commencing the search for novel candidates for cardioprotective compounds derived from naturally occurring substances that have been empirically demonstrated to possess cardioprotective properties. Scientists are replacing cardiovascular medications, which currently display numerous hazardous adverse effects, with these novel candidates. Scientists have demonstrated the cardioprotective properties of medicinal plants indigenous to Indonesia, such as Orthosiphon stamineus, Moringa oleifera, Punica granatum, Sonchus arvensis, Centella asiatica, Morinda citrifolia, and Averrhoa bilimbi, via distinct mechanisms. Therefore, this review article is aimed to describe the potential cardioprotective properties of several indigenous Indonesian medicinal plants.

Keywords: Cardioprotective, Orthosiphon stamineus, Moringa oleifera, Punica granatum, Sonchus arvensis, Centella asiatica, Morinda citrifolia, Averrhoa bilimbi.