SGLT2 INHIBITORS: TRANSFORMING CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL CARE

Blessy Biju, Adlin D’ Cruz, Sneha Jiby, Melvin Devassy and Rosmin Jacob

ABSTRACT

In recent years, SGLT2 inhibitors have revolutionized the landscape of diabetes management, heart failure treatment, and renal care. Originating from the isolation of phlorizin in the 19th century, these inhibitors have evolved into powerful agents targeting the SGLT2 protein, thereby inducing glucosuria and offering significant cardiovascular and renal benefits. Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, ertugliflozin, and sotagliflozin have emerged as key players in this therapeutic landscape, demonstrating efficacy in reducing cardiovascular events, slowing chronic kidney disease progression, and improving heart failure outcomes. Despite their remarkable potential, barriers to prescribing SGLT2 inhibitors persist, including cost and prescriber reluctance. This comprehensive review explores the clinical impact of SGLT2 inhibitors, their mechanisms of action, and recommendations for successful implementation, highlighting their transformative role in modern cardiovascular and renal care.

Keywords: Phlorizin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, ertugliflozin, sotagliflozin.