PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF TYPHOID FEVER IN BANGLADESH

Rashed Abib, Tarequl Islam, Nasim Arman Chowdhury, Saif Sadman Arnob, Yunji Xu*

ABSTRACT

Typhoid fever is an acute bacterial infection caused by the gram-negative bacterium Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S. Typhi). It is common in regions with poor sanitation and hygiene practices and is spread through contaminated food and water. Symptoms include a high fever, headache, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Treatment typically involves antibiotics and supportive care to manage symptoms. Typhoid fever can be prevented through vaccinations, proper sanitation, and avoiding risky foods and water sources. However, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of the bacteria poses a growing concern for global health. Whereas new serologic markers are effective in detecting typhoid fever, it is unclear whether or not they can be used to correctly predict incidence in the general population. This paper reviews the global prevalence and patterns of typhoid fever, including incidence rates and demographic trends, the major factors that contribute to the spread of typhoid, including hygiene, access to clean water, and sanitation, highlighting recent outbreaks and epidemics of typhoid that have occurred in Bangladesh. Their causes and implications are also discussed.

Keywords: Typhoid Fever; Prevalence, Salmonella Enterica, Prevention, Treatment.