EVALUATION OF THE ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC LEAVES EXTRACT OF TRICHOSANTHES DIOICA ROXB ON EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL

Kalyani Singh*, Praveen Kumar and Dr. Shamim Ahmad

ABSTRACT

Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a serious and widespread disorder that may result in
significant health issues. Hypertension is strongly correlated with a higher likelihood of death and cardiovascular
illness. The occurrence of stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), angina, heart failure, renal failure, or premature death
caused by heart disease is strongly associated with blood pressure (BP). According to the World Health
Organisation, high blood pressure is the third most common cause of death globally, resulting in the death of nearly
one out of every eight persons. Hypertension causes the deaths of four million persons every year, and there are
billions of people worldwide who are affected by the ailment. Cardiovascular problems provide a significant
contribution to illness and death in the Eastern Mediterranean area. Presently, the proportion of individuals in the
District with high blood pressure is at 26%, and they make up 31% of all deaths. The increase in these figures may
be linked to reasons such as a growing elderly population, higher rates of smoking, and changes in food and
behavioural habits. There is a wide range of antihypertensive drugs available for purchase. Nevertheless, they do
exhibit detrimental consequences, such as renal and gastrointestinal problems. Herbal treatment and other
approaches of controlling hypertension use a diverse range of plants. The investigation is centred on assessing the
effectiveness of herbal medications that are utilised in traditional medicine because of their low cost, side effects,
and the fact that around 80% of the worldwide population still heavily depends on herbal treatments, as indicated
by the World Health Organisation. Trichosanthes dioica roxb is used in outdated medications to address several
disorders connected to hypertension. The aim of this study is to analyse the therapeutic benefits of an ethanolic leaf
extract obtained from Trichosanthes dioica roxb in relation to hypertension. Rats were given ethanol orally at a
dose of 5 g/kg/day for 5 weeks to increase their blood pressure. The rats were segregated into two cohorts: the first
cohort consisted of five rats that were administered an extra quantity of normal saline (10mL/kg), while the second
cohort comprised of twenty rats that were given ethanol. After five weeks of administering ethanol, the animals
were categorised into four groups, each consisting of five rats. One cohort of hypertensive rats received a dosage of
advanced marine substance at a rate of 10mL per kilogramme of body weight. Another cohort received Nifedipine
at a dosage of 10mg per kilogramme of body weight. Additionally, two cohorts of hypertensive rats were given
Trichosanthes dioica roxb at concentrations of 150mg per kilogramme of body weight and 300mg per kilogramme
of body weight, respectively. The findings demonstrated that the introduction of ethanol led to a significant
elevation in the heart rate and arterial pressure of healthy rats. The animals who were treated with blood-derived
therapy showed a significant rise in mean artery pressure (MAP) compared to those that received excretion of
150mg and 300mg per kilogramme of Nifedipine. The antioxidant status, liver and kidney function, and cholesterol
levels were dramatically improved in hypertensive rats after the injection of Trichosanthes dioica roxb or
Nifedipine. The therapeutic effect of Trichosanthes dioica roxb extract on hypertension may be related to its
antihypertensive, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant qualities, making it suitable for treating high blood pressure.

Keywords: Trichosanthes dioica roxb is used in outdated medications to address several disorders connected to hypertension.