OUTCOME OF MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOME IN GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

*Balqees Saleh Hasan, Zainab Mohammd D. Hmady and Luma Azzawi Ferman

ABSTRACT

Background: Diabetes mellitus, a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to defective insulin production, action, or both. According to WHO estimates, the highest number of diabetes cases globally. The number of people with diabetes was estimated at 31.7 million in 2000 and is projected to rise to 79.4 million by 2030. The National Urban Diabetes Survey (2001) reported a 5.4% prevalence of diabetes in individuals under 30 years old. The early onset of diabetes signifies that an increasing number of women with diabetes will become pregnant, posing significant management challenges for obstetricians. Both pregnancy and diabetes impact glucose metabolism, affecting both the mother and fetus. This study aims to compare maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) versus non-diabetic pregnancies. Materials & Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over 12 months in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Pregnant women were screened for gestational diabetes mellitus and categorized into GDM and non-GDM groups. Results: The prevalence of GDM in the study population was 4.2%. Mothers with GDM had a higher incidence of complications, including hypertension, polyhydramnios, preterm labor, infection, shoulder dystocia, and postpartum hemorrhage, compared to those in non-diabetic pregnancies. Additionally, higher birth weights were observed in the GDM group.

Keywords: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Pre-eclampsia, Preterm labor, Macrosomia.