APPROACHES TO MANAGING HYPERTENSION: A REVIEW OF CURRENT EVIDENCE AND PRACTICES

Ghadeer Ghazi Alkhabbaz*, Khalid Assaf Almutairi, Abdulaziz Ahmad Alrashidi, Osamah Musa Almutairi, Nahid Ahmad Lamfon, Zaid Helal Alanazi, Sultan Sulaman E Alharbi, Mshaweh Mohammed Alshammry, Homoud Awade Al Shammari

ABSTRACT

Background: Hypertension management has evolved significantly, with notable contributions from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP) in shaping clinical guidelines. Despite progress, treatment-resistant hypertension remains a significant challenge, characterized by uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) despite multidrug therapy. Aim: This review aims to assess current evidence and practices in hypertension management, focusing on resistant hypertension and evaluating novel treatment strategies and management approaches. Methods: We reviewed recent literature on hypertension management, including studies on treatment-resistant hypertension, diagnostic strategies, and emerging therapies. Data sources included clinical trials, observational studies, and expert reviews. Results: Resistant hypertension affects 10-20% of hypertensive patients, often due to non-adherence, secondary causes, or lifestyle factors. Management strategies include optimizing antihypertensive therapy, non-pharmacological interventions, and exploring new treatments like endovascular baroreflex amplification. Significant findings include the importance of patient and physician adherence to treatment regimens and the potential of telemedicine and home BP monitoring to improve outcomes. Conclusion: Effective management of hypertension, particularly resistant hypertension, requires a multifaceted approach involving both established and innovative strategies. Addressing patient non-adherence, exploring new treatment modalities, and leveraging technology are crucial for improving BP control and reducing cardiovascular risks.

Keywords: Hypertension, treatment-resistant hypertension, BP control, antihypertensive therapy, telemedicine, home BP monitoring.