THE ROLE OF EMS, PARAMEDICS, AND PHARMACISTS IN MITIGATING CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS: INSIGHTS FROM HEALTH INFORMATICS

Ahmed Mufleh Alenazi*, Hind Amer Ababtain, Reem Mahmoud Nashar, Hassan Mohammed Brahim Alshammari, Mohammed Mahal Alanazi, Ibrahim Ahmad Daghas, Najlaa Saeed Alghamdi

ABSTRACT

Background: Central Nervous System (CNS) infections, such as bacterial, viral, and fungal meningitis, pose significant diagnostic and treatment challenges for emergency medical services (EMS), paramedics, and pharmacists. Early identification and management of these infections are crucial to improve patient outcomes, as symptoms often overlap with other conditions and may progress rapidly. Aim: This review aims to elucidate the roles of EMS, paramedics, and pharmacists in the identification, management, and treatment of CNS infections, highlighting how health informatics can support these roles. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive review of current literature and clinical guidelines related to CNS infections, including meningitis and encephalitis. We examined the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and management strategies employed by EMS and paramedics, and the role of pharmacists in ensuring effective treatment. Results: CNS infections present with a range of symptoms, often making early diagnosis challenging. Traditional clinical signs like fever and neck stiffness have variable sensitivity. Health informatics tools, including electronic health records and decision support systems, enhance diagnostic accuracy by integrating patient history and current symptoms. EMS and paramedics play a critical role in early detection and immediate intervention, while pharmacists ensure appropriate antibiotic and antiviral therapies, optimizing treatment outcomes. Conclusion: Effective management of CNS infections requires a coordinated approach involving EMS, paramedics, and pharmacists. Health informatics tools significantly enhance the diagnostic and treatment processes, leading to better patient care and outcomes. Continued advancements in these technologies and practices are essential for improving the management of CNS infections.

Keywords: Central Nervous System infections, meningitis, encephalitis, emergency medical services, paramedics, pharmacists, health informatics, diagnostic tools, treatment management.