HORMONAL IMBALANCES: CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, AND TREATMENT-AN UPDATED REVIEW

Abdulrhman Awadh Alharbi*, Ahmad Mufleh Alenazi, Ahmad Alhelo Alanazi, Ibrahim Muhammad Al-Arej, Fawaz Awdah Mohammad Alshammari, Abdullah Saleh Alshowmer, Abdullatif Suliman Alsayegh, Mohammed Abdullah Alduaybi, Mohammed Ayyat Alanazi, Khalid Ali Almzairie and Abdullah Lbrahim Alsulaiman

ABSTRACT

Background: The nervous and endocrine systems are crucial for maintaining homeostasis, and disruptions in endocrine function can lead to various neurologic symptoms. These manifestations can provide insights into endocrine disorders affecting pediatric patients, allowing for comprehensive diagnosis and management. Aim: This review aims to summarize the neurologic manifestations associated with different endocrine disorders and their implications for diagnosis and treatment in children. Methods: The article discusses various neurologic symptoms linked to endocrine disorders, including headaches, altered mental states, muscle abnormalities, and developmental issues. It examines the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary system in regulating hormone secretion and maintaining homeostasis. A detailed exploration of specific neurologic symptoms, such as idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and its connection to endocrine dysfunction, is included. Results: Common neurologic manifestations include headaches, altered mental status, muscle weakness, cramps, and developmental delays. The review highlights how conditions like hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, adrenal disorders, and growth hormone deficiencies contribute to these symptoms. Endocrine disorders can lead to significant cognitive and behavioral changes in children, underscoring the importance of early detection and intervention. Conclusion: This updated review emphasizes the complex interplay between endocrine and neurologic systems, particularly in pediatric populations. Recognizing neurologic symptoms associated with endocrine disorders is critical for timely diagnosis and treatment, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Keywords: endocrine disorders, pediatric patients, neurologic manifestations, hypothalamic-pituitary system, homeostasis, cognitive function.