PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIO-MEDICAL WASTE: OVERVIEW, MANAGEMENT AND CURRENT SCENARIO

Aadhithyan S.*, Dr. Deepu S. and Kinchal Kesav S.

ABSTRACT

The increasing demand for pharmaceuticals across various sectors, including healthcare and agriculture, has led to significant environmental contamination due to improper management of pharmaceutical and biomedical waste. This paper outlines the definitions, sources, and types of pharmaceutical and biomedical waste, as well as the regulatory framework governing their management, particularly in India. The Bio-medical Waste Management (BMWM) Rules of 1998 define biomedical waste and highlight the risks posed by inadequate disposal methods. The objectives of effective bio-waste management include reducing waste volume, ensuring safe disposal, protecting healthcare personnel, and promoting environmental sustainability. The paper discusses various disposal methods, including incineration, landfilling, and chemical decomposition, while emphasizing the critical role of pharmacists in managing pharmaceutical waste. It also addresses the current challenges faced in waste management in India, such as rising municipal and hazardous waste generation and low recycling rates. The findings underscore the necessity for improved waste management practices and community awareness to enhance public health and environmental safety. Overall, this research highlights the importance of comprehensive waste management strategies tailored to the specific characteristics of pharmaceutical and biomedical waste to mitigate their adverse impacts.

Keywords: Pharmaceutical waste, biomedical waste, sources, management, impact, pharmacists.