OVERALL REVIEW ON WITHANIA SOMNIFERA IN THE ARSENIC INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY

Kiran S. Langhe*, Dr. Hemant V. Kambale, S. R. Ghodake and Shifa R. Shikalgar

ABSTRACT

The current investigation was perfomed to determine the ameliorative properties of Withania somnifera and its active components against arsenic-induced nephrotoxicity. Renal functional markers (urea, uric acid and creatinine), mitochondrial enzymes (tricarboxyclic acid cycle and electron transport chain enzymes), and histopathology of the kidney were assessed to determine the extent of arsenic-induced toxicity. Oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants) in the kidney of the studied animals was also evaluated. The endogenous antioxidant status in the kidney of the animals was restored by the W.somnifera.In addition, W.somnifera treatment significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the arsenic-induced increased levels of renal functional parameters. Furthermore, arsenic administration elicited an inflammatory response in the animals that caused induction of TNF-α and IL-1β. In addition, the imbalance in Bax/Bcl-2 expression of BB- induced animals was effectively prevented by Withania Somnifera. Ashwagandha work by interacting with components of the proinflammatory cell signaling pathway, such as NF-κB, signaling kinases, HSP90, Nrf2, and the inflammasome complex. These findings suggest that W.somnifera treatment attenuates renal dysfunction by ameliorating oxidative and mitochondrial function alterations which might be due to the presence of its active components.

Keywords: Withania somnifera, Proteinuria, Glomerulus, Nephrotoxicity.