EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ALLICIN AS ANTIMICROBIAL COMPARED WITH SULFADIMETHOXINE AGAINST PASTEURELLA INFECTION IN CHICKEN

Mai A. Fadel, Mahmoud T. A. Ismail, Pierre E. Mehanny* and Maha S. Abd El-Hafeez

ABSTRACT

Fowl cholera, also known as Pasteurellosis, poses a significant threat to the poultry industry, resulting in substantial financial losses. Herein, studied the impact of allicin in combination with sulfadimethoxine (SDM) against P. multocida infection in broiler chickens. A total of 105 broiler chickens, 30 days old, divided into 7 groups. Group 1 and Group 2 served as the negative and positive controls, respectively. Groups 3 and 4 were infected and treated with SDM and allicin, respectively. Group 5 received a combination of both remedies. Groups 6 and 7 were healthy and administered SDM and allicin, respectively. The effectiveness of SDM and allicin, alone or combined, was determined by assessing bacterial load, minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),and fraction inhibitory concentration (FIC). SDM and allicin concentrations in tissues were determined using a validated RP-HPLC method. The bacterial load disappeared after 3 days of the combination remedy in Group 5, while it persisted in Groups 3 and 4 for 5 days, with a noticeable decrease in Group 4. Clinical signs and post-mortem examinations improved with the combination treatment by day 2, with a lower mortality rate compared to Groups 3 and 4. The withdrawal time (WT) decreased significantly to nearly1 day in Group 5, compared to nearly 3 days in Group 3, with a notable decrease in SDM tissue concentrations in Group 5. Oxidative stress enzymes (MDA and TBA) increased in Groups 3 and 6, while the antioxidant level of GSH decreased. In contrast, Group 5 exhibited antioxidant levels similar to the healthy group. This study novelty concluded as a new validated HPLC method for quantification of both allicin and SDM, shorter treatment period of 3 days and WT by the synergy between SDM and allicin against P. multocida infection.

Keywords: Fowl cholera, sulfadimethoxine, Allicin, HPLC.