RADIOLOGICAL IMAGING IN PEDIATRIC POPULATIONS: SAFETY, TECHNIQUES, AND DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES

*Qamar Khalid Khaleel, Shahad Natiq Saeed, Ayoub Rafi Hamad Huraib, Tabark Waleed Abd,
Estibraq Nabeel Mohammed and Zainab Abd Alsatar Ahmed

ABSTRACT

Background:
Radiological imaging is essential for diagnosing and ma naging pediatric diseases, but it requires
specialized approaches due to children's unique anatomical, physiological, and developmental characteristics.
Concerns about radiation exposure, the need for age specific protocols, and the challenges of patient c ooperation
underscore the importance of optimizing safety and diagnostic accuracy in pediatric radiology. This study evaluates
current imaging practices, safety protocols, and diagnostic outcomes in pediatric populations. Methods: A
retrospective descripti ve cross sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care pediatric hospital over six months
(July December 2024). Data from 412 pediatric patients (aged 0 18 years) undergoing radiological imaging (X
ray, ultrasound, CT, MRI) were analyzed. Variables incl uded demographics, imaging modalities, safety protocols
(ALARA adherence, shielding, sedation), and diagnostic outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS
version 26. Results: Ultrasound (38.1%) and X rays (33.5%) were the most frequently used modalities, while CT
(12.9%) and MRI (15.5%) were less common. Trauma (26.2%), abdominal pain (22.1%), and respiratory distress
(18.4%) were the leading indications. Safety protocols were largely followed, with 85.9% adherence to ALARA
principles and 71.4% use of lead shielding. Sedation was required in 11.4% of cases, predominantly for MRI.
Diagnostic clarity was achieved in 91.7% of cases, with 15% requiring follow up imaging. Conclusion: The study
highlights the preference for low radiation modalities in pediatric imaging and strong adherence to safety
protocols. However, variability in shielding practices and the need for sedation in MRI indicate areas for
improvement. Continued education, technological advancements, and standardized protocols are recomm ended to
enhance safety and diagnostic precision in pediatric radiology.

Keywords: Sedation was required in 11.4% of cases, predominantly for MRI.