PATTERNS AND PREVALENCE OF CONGENITAL ANOMALIES AMONG NEONATES AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN MISURATA CENTRAL HOSPITAL –LIBYA / 2015

Salima Alburke, Muktar Assadi, Najat Gandooz and Dr. Bashir Ashur*

ABSTRACT

Background: Congenital anomalies are defined as structural or functional abnormalities that present at birth. They are a major cause of neonatal stillbirths and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Objective: to determine the prevalence and patterns of congenital anomalies among newborns in Misurata central hospital; to estimate the subsequent mortality among these babies; and to identify the maternal and perinatal risk factors associated with these congenital malformations. Methods: a cross sectional study was conducted on 73 neonates with congenital anomalies in neonatal ICU of Misurata Teaching Hospital, Libya. We retrospectively analyzed the hospital records from January 2015 to December 2015. The collected data include maternal characteristics and risk factors; neonatal characteristics, diagnosis and complication; patterns of congenital anomalies; and imaging study. Results: The studied neonates are (56.2 %) boys, (42.4%) girls and (1.4%) ambiguous. About (71.2%) of them were survived, while only (28.8%) of them died. Majority of CA neonates are borne to multi-gravid mothers (86.3%), aged 30-40 years (59%), delivered by CS (67.1 %) and cephalic presentation represents (83.5 %). Neonates are mainly preterm (76.7%) and of normal birth weight (41.1%). The prevalence of CAs in this study was 1.17%. The main patterns founded were Cleft lip & palate, CHD, Syndromatic baby, undescended testis and hypospadius (50.3%, 35.6%, 9.6%, 8.2% and 6.8%) respectively, The main maternal risk factors are DM, drugs, HTN and oligohydramnios (37%, 31.5%, 11% and 9.6%) respectively. The main neonatal complications are RDS, sepsis and TTN (37%, 6.8% and 5.5%) respectively. Conclusion: cleft palate and lip, CHD, Syndromatic baby, undescended testis and hypospadius are the most common congenital anomalies in Misurata. Maternal age above 30 years, multiparity, prematurity, CS, DM, drugs, HTN and oligohydramnios are the main risk factors. There is need of increasing prepregnancy screening, proper antenatal care and the establishment of an ongoing surveillance system for CA.

Keywords: Congenital anomalies, Prevalence, Pattern, Risk Factors, Mortality.