ROLE OF CYTOKINES(INF- ?, IL-6, IL-10) IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF AUTOIMMUNE TYPE I DIABETES MELLITUS

*Husam A. Alaebe, Dr. Majid A. Maatook and Dr. Dhaighem E. Atwan

ABSTRACT

Type I diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease; it is one of most serious and common metabolic disorders in children and adolescents, in which the body immune system destroys the insulin releasing beta cells. Thus, the body cells cannot absorb glucose. Cytokines play a major role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune type I diabetes and in the initiation of β-cell damaging process. The objective of this study is to get more understanding about the role of cytokines in the development of beta cell destruction and immune state in T1DM patient, by measuring the IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-10. A total of sixty patients with long standing autoimmune T1DM (diagnosed more than one year) were included in the study. Twenty eight healthy control subjects had the measurement of serum IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Higher serum levels of IL-6 and IFN-γ were observed in the patients (224.02, 394.34 pg/ml respectively) compared to controls (164.65, 264.07 pg/ml respectively). The statistical analysis showed a significant difference between patients and controls (P= 0.0001, 0.017 respectively). A difference of the mean IL-6 concentration appears between patients in two age groups in T1DM age (1 -10 y) (P= 0.085). No significant differences appear in the mean between patients and controls for BMI and age (p= 0.865, 0.149 respectively). No significant difference appear in the serum level IL-6, IL.10 and IFN-γ between patients divided into two group according HbA1c (T1DM controlled) and (T1DM uncontrolled) (p=0.604, 0.423, 0.590). In long standing patients with autoimmune type I diabetes mellitus, clinical significant elevation in serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-6 while IL-10 serum level begin decline. A difference of mean IL-6 concentration appears between patients in both age groups T1DM age (1 -10 y). No significant differences appear in the mean serum concentrations of IFN-γ, IL.10 and IL-6 between patient and control for BMI and age. No significant difference appear in the serum level IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-6 between patients divided into two groups according HbA1c (T1DM controlled) and (T1DM uncontrolled).

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