COMPARATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS FROM THE LEAVES OF LANTANA CAMARA AND PIPER NIGRUM

Deepa Bajantri, Shakeel Ahmed Adhoni and C. T. Shivasharana*

ABSTRACT

Comparative analysis and confirmation of Phytochemicals from leaves of Lantana camara (L.camara) and Piper nigrum (P.nigrum). Evaluation of their antimicrobial, antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. Plant extracts obtained from Lantana camara and Piper nigrum using different solvents- hexane, benzene, chloroform, methanol and distilled water by soxhlet apparatus were subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis and confirmation by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Methanol extract further subjected to determine antimicrobial activity using Disc diffusion method, antioxidant activity by Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and 1,1 diphenyl 2-Picryl Hydrazil free radical scavenging assay (DPPH) and antidiabetic activity by α-amylase inhibition assay. For all the above samples were assayed in triplicates. Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, phenols, carbohydrates, amino acids and proteins, glycosides, saponins and phytosterols in different extracts of Lantana camara and Piper nigrum. The methanol extract of L. camara, showed inhibition zone against the pathogens – Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger. The methanolic extract of P. nigrum showed zone of inhibition against the pathogen Corynebacterium. FRAP method revealed the antioxidant activity of methanol extract of 2 plant at 50 μg/ml in increasing order Lantana camara: 3.217 ± 0.010 and Piper nigrum: 2.472 ± 0.015 at 700nm using 50 μg/ml of the Standard ascorbic acid 3.687±0.004. The anti-oxidant activity of plant extracts were less compared to standard. DPPH results revealed that the % of scavenging activity at 750nm using 50 μg/ml was 75.21± 0.486 of Lantana camara and low when compared to standard 89.32 ± 0.476 but high then that of Piper nigrum. Anti-diabetic assay of methanolic extract of Lantana camara and Piper nigrum, α- amylase enzyme inhibitory activity was IC50 13.68 ± 0.05 and 28.67 ± 0.23μg /ml respectively with reference to standard acarabose IC50 of 0.32 μg /ml under similar experimental conditions. The present study indicates that Lantana camara and Piper nigrum is highly abundant in secondary metabolites and of Pharmacological importance showing antimicrobial, antioxidant and antidiabetic activity.

Keywords: Lantana camara, Piper nigrum, Anti-diabetic assay, Phytochemical screening.