NEW KNOWLEDGE ON PATHOGENESIS OF TOXIN PERFRINGENS LARGE (TPEL) FOR PRODUCTION OF NEW GENERATION VACCINE AND MOLECULAR WORKING, A REVIEW

Lida Abdolmohammadi Khiav, Reza Pilehchian Langroodi* and Alireza Paradise

ABSTRACT

Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is an anaerobic and gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium. Clostridial infections are cause of the most important diseases including lamb dysentery, pulpy kidney, black disease, malignant oedema, and blackleg, with heavy losses over many years in Iran. Major and minor toxins have an important role in pathogenesis. The species is classified into five types (types A-E) based on the major toxin. A novel toxin (toxin perfringens large) (TpeL) has recently been identified from C. perfringens types A, B and C. This toxin belongs to large glycosylating toxins family which is cause of cytotoxic effects in Vero cells (including enlargement and the rounding of Vero cells). TpeL toxin is involved in the pathogenesis of avian enteric necrosis (including ostrich and chicken flocks) which can lead to the morbidity and mortality rate; therefore TpeL is considered as a virulence factor. This paper reviews the studies on molecular working (PCR) for detection of disease, determination of the biotypes of C. perfringens, analyze for genetic diversity using PFGE, immunoinformatics analysis and production of the new generation vaccine was performed on TpeL toxin. Finally, the new generation vaccine was evaluated the amount of antibody using serum neutralization assay in laboratory animals. The results of this study showed that the chimeric vaccine could be used as an effective vaccine against domestic animals disease. It is suggested that more research should be done on isolation, characterization, and purification. Furthermore, the evaluation of immunity could be performed in target animals.

Keywords: Clostridium perfringens, new generation vaccine, TpeL toxin.