ROLE OF PLANT PROMOTERS AND THEIR CIS REGULATORY ELEMENTS IN GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION

Rubab Zahra Naqvi, Hira Mubeen* and Shahid Raza

ABSTRACT

Promoters are the important regulatory element that control gene expression. Promoter sequences that allow expression of foreign genes in plants are useful tools for producing genetically engineered crop plants with superior crop yields, higher crop quality, shorter growth periods and greater insect resistance. Plant gene promoters are categorized into constitutive, inducible, tissue-specific and synthetic/ hybrid promoters. Any of the mentioned promoters can be selected to develop transgenic plant depending upon the type of gene and the destination tissue. Identification and characterization of specialized promoters and their cis-regulatory elements is an important step in achieving controlled gene expression in biotechnological applications. The present review gives a comprehensive overview of promoter, its types and its cis-regulatory elements involved in regulation of gene expression.

Keywords: Promoter, cis-regulatory, gene expression.