OBESITY: A REVIEW ON OVERWEIGHT AND INADEQUATE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND NUTRITIONAL BEHAVIORS

*Kuldeep Singh and Priyanka

ABSTRACT

We studies all the review article related to obesity. The obesity is the disease in which imbalance between the calorie intake and its use. Obesity has reached epidemic levels in developed as well as in developing countries.it increasingly being observed with changing their life style of family. The mechanism of obesity is the unusual calorie convert into fat in adipose tissue. Adipose tissue consist of adipose cell and unusual calorie accumulate into the adipose cell they swell increase their weight and increase the body weight of the body. Globally in an analysis of 199 countries, 1.46 billion adults worldwide are estimated to being overweight, and 502 million are estimated as being obese. People are generally considered obese their when their body mass index (BMI) a measurements obtained by dividing a person weight by the square of the person height is over 30 Kg/m2, with the reference range 25-30 kg/m2 defined as overweight. Body Mass Index (BMI) is typical uses to explain the overweight and obesity in epidemiology studies. however, BMI has low sensitivity and there is larger inter individual changes in the percent body fat for any given BMI value, partially attribute to age sex and ethnicity. for instance Asian have greater percent body fat than Caucasians for the same BMI Greater cardiometabolic risk has also been associated with the localization of excess fat in the visceral adipose tissue and ectopic depots (such as muscle and liver) as well as in case of increased fat to lean mass ratio (e.g. metabolically obese normal weight). These data suggest the obesity may be fat more common and requires more urgent attention than what large epidemiology studies suggests. simply relying on BMI to assess its prevalence could hinder future interventions at obesity prevention and control. Causes of obesity both genes and envirommental factor participate in obesity However, by the large, genes are now thought to set only the stage and provide the background, against which the decisive effects and provide effects are eventually driven by the environmental and behavioral factors. AT the heart of the envirommental and behavioural factors are those that influence diet and physical activity. Pathophysiology of obesity continues to be among the top health concerns across the globe. Despite our failure the high prevalence of obesity, we now have a better understanding of its Pathophysiology, and how excess adiposity leads to type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. lifestyle modification is recommended of obesity management, but many patient do not achieve long lasting benefits due to difficulty with adderence as well as physiological and neurohormonal adaption of the obesity in response to weight.

Keywords: cardiometabolic, envirommental, neurohormonal.