FEATURES OF LOCAL MUCOSAL IMMUNITY OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY BODIES

Makhamadaminova Sh. A., Kodirov Sh. Sh., Khasanov U. S. and *Ismailova A. A.

ABSTRACT

Today, the issues of studying the local immunity of the mucous membranes are insufficiently studied. In this regard, this direction is promising and relevant, therefore, research in this area is important in order to study the local immunity of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and the features of their functioning. The immune system of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract is the first barrier to the entry of pathogenic microbes into the lungs. Among the most important nonspecific factors of local protection are the phagocytic function of granulocytes and alveolar macrophages, mucociliary clearance of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, as well as a number of antibacterial and antiviral components that make up the secretion of the respiratory tract, these are lysozyme, lactoferrin, complement, interferon, surfactant. To prevent the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms, the mucous membrane has an autonomous immune system, the components of which are local B- and T-lymphocytes, macrophages, and their secretion products.

Keywords: local mucosal immunity, nasal cavity, upper respiratory tract, innate immunity, acute respiratory viral infections.