CYTOMORPHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL PATTERNS OF PLEURAL EFFUSIONS IN SUDANESE PATIENTS PRESENTED TO TEACHING HOSPITALS IN KHARTOUM STATE

Abdelwadoud Mohamed Elfatih, Mohammed Abdulhameed Alsayed, Osman Mohammed Elmahi*,
Husam Eldin Omer and Hisham Ali Waggiallah

ABSTRACT

This is a prospective descriptive cross sectional study. The study is designated as a hospital based study conducted in cytology section. Two hundred and forty four cytological specimens of pleural effusion were collected. Cell blocks and smears were processed and cytological and ICC stains were applied. Haematoxylin and Eosin, Pap stains were used for cytological examination. A panel of six antibodies consisting of cytokeratin 5/6, Calretinin, CA125, CEA, Thyroid transcription factor-1, and CD-10 were used. Patients participated on study population consisted of 136 males and 108 females. There were 244 patients with pleural effusion, 136 males and 108 females. The mean age was 47 with standard deviation 17.4, the minimum age was 1 year and the maximum was 80. According to the age we classified the patients into four groups of ages. There is a pivotal role of cytological diagnosis in detection of different pathological conditions of pleural effusions. Immunocytochemistry is an effective method that has considerable importance in improving the diagnostic accuracy of conventional cytology of pleural effusion. Cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) is reliable and effective marker for the identification of malignant cells in pleural effusions especially in suspicious cases Regardless of the histological types of malignancies. CEA was found to be a useful marker in the differentiation of metastatic adenocarcinoma in pleural effusions.TTF-1 was found to be a useful marker in the differentiation of metastatic adenocarcinoma in pleural effusions particularly in case of lung cancer or cancers of gastrointestinal tract.

Keywords: Cancerous cells, Cytomorphological, Effusions, Immunocytochemical.