A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY ON ORAL HYPOGLYCAEMIC DRUGS VERSES INSULIN ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND DEPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE ? DIABETES MELLITUS

*Saba Farheen, Nirosha M. K., Aleena F. Kunnel, Dr. Rosy Raju, Dr. Murali Krishna, Dr. Hanumanthachar Joshi

ABSTRACT

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) consists of an array of dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycemia and resulting from the combination of resistance to insulin action, inadequate insulin secretion, and excessive glucagon secretion. T2DM is associated with reduced performances in numerous cognitive domains and evidence of abnormal brain structure and function. Whereas the relationship between type 2 diabetes and depression is bidirectional. Depression disturbs emotion, cognition and behaviors. Objectives: To assess cognitive function and depression with oral hypoglycemic drugs versus insulin in patients with T2DM. To assess highly related co-morbidities associated with T2DM. To assess the gender highly affected from depression and cognitive deficits withT2DM. Methods: A prospective cross sectional study was carried out, with a time period of 6 months. We reviewed all participants in multiple study sites meeting the study criteria were enrolled in the study. All relevant data of the enrolled participants was collected from various data sources and questionnaires and were documented. Results: In our study we quantified 120 diabetic (case) and 120 non diabetic (control) and out of 120 cases 60 were on insulin and rest 60 were on Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs (OH). We observed that among 120 T2DM patient’s men (N=53) had severe cognitive decline than women (N=27). Most cognitive deficits were observed india beticpatientsaged63-77(48.8%). Of 120 control, 86.3%(N=104) had normal cognition and only 13.3%(N=16) had cognitive disability. Diabetic patients have lower global cognition score than non- diabetic patients (p= 0.003). Depression was seen in T2DM (14.335) patients than non-diabetic patients (4.191) (p=0.001). Among 120 control participant’s majority had minimal depression (53.3%) to mild depression (24. 1%).Depression was seen more among insulin users (16.88) than OH users (11.81) (p=0.002). Severe depression in insulin users (35%) was seen more than OH users (2.5%). Conclusion: T2DM participant’s remains undiagnosed for cognitive decline and depression during their lifetime. Higher prevalence of cognitive decline in T2DM is alarming and the findings of present study indicate that each diabetic patient should be evaluated for cognition, so that potential squeal of T2DM i.e. neuro-degeneration and dementia can be effectively controlled and addressed.

Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperglycemia, Cognition, Depression, Neuro- degeneration, Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs.